Papilloma - Benign formation of the skin tumor and mucous membranes of viral etiology.It has the appearance of a papilla on a narrow base (leg), soft or dense consistency, from bright to dark color.The location of papillomas in the skin leads to the formation of a cosmetic defect, in the larynx - impaired breathing, voice, in the mucous membrane of the internal organs - ulcerations and bleeding.Disease complaints are possible, the most formidable complication is malignant degeneration.Papill removal can be performed by electrocoagulation, criodestrification, surgical excision, radio wave method or laser exposure.
general information
Papillomas - This is a disease that affects epithelial cells and the skin.The cause of papillomas is human papillomavirus, which belongs to the Papoviridae family, the Papillomavirus group.Among HPV, viruses are distinguished with high and low oncogenic risk.Oncogenicity papillomas are explained by the virus's ability to integrate their DNA into the human cell genome.
The mechanism of human papilloma virus infection
Once in the human body, at the early stage, HPV affects the basal cells of the epithelium.Microtrauma, scratches, cracks and other skin damage contribute to the penetration of the papilloma virus in the body.For a long time, the virus can multiply mainly, not manifesting clinically (chronic transport).If the virus propagates in the superficial layers of the skin, over time, even with chronic papilloma virus transport, cell hyperplasia is observed.
As the human papilloma virus is nestled in the external environment, the infection occurs with direct contacts.Forced sexual bonds lead to infection;Smoking, pregnancy, endometriosis, vitamin deficiency and immunodeficiencies are predisposing factors, so that the infection occurs when interacting with the virus.The risk of infection increases with frequent contacts with naked human skin, for example, with massage.
Clinical manifestations of papillomas
Papilloma is a skin neoplasia or mucous membranes and looks like papillary growth that projects above the surrounding tissue.Papillomas are located on the skin, mucous membranes, inguinal region and genital organs, in some cases papillomas are found in the renal pelvis and mucous membrane of the urethrers.
As papilloma consists of connective tissue covered with skin and contains blood vessels, bleeding is possible during trauma.The neoplasia grows up in the form of dispersed papillas in various directions and looks like kale.
The skin of the skin may not change, but in most cases papillomas have a color of white to dirty brown.Favorite Location - The skin of brushes and hands.In patients with immunodeficiencies, papillomatosis is widespread.Primary skin changes begin to appear 1-6 months after infection.The concentration of the virus in affected areas reaches the maximum in the 6th month from the moment of infection, it is this period that is the most contagious.
Depending on the type of viruses, the clinical manifestations of papillomas are variable.Thus, vulgar papillomas look in the form of a solid collision with a 1 mm diameter with a rough keratinization surface.Vulgar papillomas are prone to fusion and therefore usually affect significant areas of the skin.Simple (vulgar) papillomas are located everywhere, but more often affected by the skin of the fingers and the back of the palms.In children, especially young people are affected by papillomas, this is due to physiological characteristics, as children crawl without clothing.Normally, vulgar papillomas are located in groups, but a prolonged existence of a single element is possible for several years.Immunodeficiency conditions and general diseases contribute to the propagation of the process, in isolated cases, vulgar papilloma is malignant.
Papillomas causing agents are PAPC 1.2.4.A few months after sole skin infection, a small shiny swelling appears, which has all signs of ordinary papilloma and is surrounded by a protruding edge.In some cases, the subsidiaries of small sizes appear around a papilloma, which resemble externally bubbles.Then papillomatosis in mosaic is diagnosed.
Papillomas in the soles are usually painful, especially when they walk.In approximately 30% of cases, they are self -disturbing, more often self -vigor is observed in young children.They are often confused with corns that appear between their fingers with prolonged compression.However, grains, unlike papillomas, have a smooth surface and retain the pattern of the skin.
The causative agents of flat papillomas are HPV 3.10.These unchanged skin color papillomas and look in the form of plain and smooth cones, sometimes there may be a yellow or slightly pink tone with more frequently rounded contours.Multiplied papillomas are also found.Neoplasms cause pain, itching, the affected area is hyperemic.
The papillomas of the film are diagnosed in half of those who have delivered over 50 years about neoplasms on the skin, they are also called acrochords.They are located on the skin around the eyes, groin, axillary cavities and neck.First, a small yellowish shadow, which increases and gradually becomes dense elongated elastic formations up to 5-6 mm.If acroCordos are located in places where trauma is possible, they are inflamed and injured.The papillomas of the film are not prone to spontaneous disappearance.In patients with diagnosed threaded papillomas, rectum polyps are often observed.
HPV 13, 32 cause local epithelial hyperplasia, characterized by appearance in the mucous membrane of the mouth and red edge of the lips of small papillary neoplasms, which rise slightly above the skin and are prone to fusion.
One of the rarely found papillomas is lewandovsky-lutz papillomas (red epidermodisma).Mainly children and adolescents are sick.Sometimes the wart -up epidermodiasis is a familiar character.It seems clinically with several spotted papillomas of reddish brown in the hands and feet.If papillomas are located in skin areas, which are more susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, in 30% of cases are malignant and reborn in malignant tumors with germination in neighboring tissues.
HPV, which are the pathogens of pointed conditions, may have a low, medium and high risk of cancer degeneration;Therefore, by diagnosing the sharp -tip confectioners, the PCR exam always needs to be performed.The incubation period is several weeks to several months.As in some cases the changes are minimal, these papillomas remain unnoticed.The main path of transmission is sexual.The risk group includes people with immunodeficiency and often changing sexual partners.Externally, they look like pink or pale gray, sharp grown in the leg.
In most cases, pain, burning, itching, irritation and friction with underwear, often injured and bleeding.They are located on the eve of the vagina, small lips, with less frequently, spicy conditioning are found in the vagina and cervix.In men, the urethra hole is affected.The damage zone depends on sexual behavior in this way, in people who practice anal contacts, pointed condiles are found in the perineum and in the perianal zone.In some cases, pointed condylomas are diagnosed in the oral mucosa and red edge of the lips, which is again associated with the characteristics of sexual activity.
Youth Papillomas of Larynx rarely record, they are caused by HPV 6.11;Most of the time, children under five are sick.The infection occurs during delivery, when the woman in labor has papillomas in the vagina and in the child while passing through the birth canal, breathes premature.The disease is characterized by papillary growths in vocal bundles, which leads to the difficulty of air circulation and speech disorders.
Papillomas diagnosis
The diagnosis of papillomas is performed by a dermatologist or venereologist.Due to the large number of virus types, it has its own characteristics.It is possible to make a precise diagnosis based on a visual inspection only on the classic case of pointed warts, but this does not provide accurate information about the type of viruses and their oncogenicity.Therefore, in case of suspected papillomatous nature of neoplasms, they resort to the DNA PCR diagnoses of the virus.
The diagnosis of PCR allows not only to confirm the presence of human papillomavirus in the body and determine its type, but also diagnosing how many viruses exist in the body at the time of analysis.This has a diagnostic value because, knowing the percentage of the virus content and its type, you can determine the approximate periods of infection and identify contact people to examine and prescribe preventive therapy.PCR diagnosis also provides information on whether papillomas have a chronic course or are a consequence of a simultaneous decrease in immunity.Thanks to this data, proper therapy can be prescribed.
If the only method of treatment is papilloma removal, in parallel to surgery, a biopsy is performed for cytological research.A histological examination of papillomas tissue provides more accurate results, as examination is subject to cells, as well as the correct location of its layers and the structural characteristics of the tissue.This provides reliable results about the degree of changes in the body and the likelihood of malignancy, as long -term and non -reunqual papillomas are often leading to cancer than the HPV detected with a high degree of Oncois.
As a rule, the diagnosis of PCR is screening in nature and, if the analysis confirms the presence of the virus, an additional study will be performed.
Papilloma treatment
The papilloma treatment regime in each case is selected individually.If an HPV is detected during the diagnosis, but there are still no clinical manifestations, preventive therapy is prescribed by cytostatics.It is quite effective and allows you to "spread" the virus for several years.It is recommended that patients who have HPV periodically perform PCR examination and use barrier contraceptions, so as not to danger the human papillomavis infection with their partner.
Inazine Pranobex is a medicine for the treatment of papillomas from the group of antiviral agents, which suppresses virus reproduction.It is one of the most preferred because it has immunomodulant properties.Indications for use are papillomas diagnosed with a combination of other viral infections such as cytomegalovirus, measles and mumps infections.The presence of a herpes virus, chronic viral hepatitis and immunodeficiency also requires the inclusion of isoprinosine into the treatment regime.As papilloma therapy is long, Papillo Pranobex should only be taken under the supervision of a doctor, as it is necessary to control the laboratory indicators.The use of immunomodulators and vitamin courses is shown to all patients with HPV.
If there are HPV manifestations on the skin and mucous membranes, then, depending on location and symptoms, it recalls papilloma, electrocoagulation or papill laser removal.It is possible to use another modern method of surgical treatment -Papillomas remolation with radio waves.If Papilloma has signs of malignancy, the excision will be performed with a scalpel of the affected area with the capture of healthy tissues.
It should be borne in mind that papilloma removal does not lead to a complete recovery, because today there are no detailed drugs in HPV.Therefore, patients with previously diagnosed papillomas need to periodically pass and take antiviral therapy courses.
Since HPV is mainly sexually transmitted, the only papilloma prevention is the barrier contraception method.When planning pregnancy, it is necessary to diagnose and, if necessary, the treatment of the virus to reduce the likelihood of child infection during childbirth and in the early years of life.